Preface (Hiroshi Urabe) I The outline of "Miura Theory" II Comments on the theory of "Social Welfare Service on Market" (1) The needs of day nursery (2) What's the day nursery need's? (3) An administative injustice to day nursery system (4) Comments on the theory of "Social Welfare Service on Market" III The national responsibility for day nursery system (1) The theory of public economics (2) The socialization of day nursery Conclusion

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In a modern society, we are unable to discuss the problem of education without considering child welfare. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the study of child welfare should treat the matter of education and children. Theoretical and empirical examination leads several findings as follows : (1) The previous discussion tended to neglect the importance of the 'child wellbeing' viewpoint when the educational problems were concernd. In particular, the discourse and practice around the 'shool-refusal' are typically distorted in the educational institutions. (2) When we are engaged in the socialwork of children in educational context, it is necessary to elaborate the social values more reflecxively. And also, it is essential and useful to act in ecological way. (3) Finally, we should have a fundamental philosophy that is recommended in the convention on the Rights of the child. Although we are now in the starting point, the attempt to connet education with child welfare would bring some fruitful effects for the studies of social welfare.

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本研究は,精神障害者の障害年金受給状況における,(1)精神障害者本人のケアを中心となって担う家族の続柄,(2)続柄別の世帯収入,の影響を明らかにすることを目的とした.全国精神障害者家族会連合会の会員2,844人から自記式質問用紙による回答を得た(有効回収率30.8%).その結果,以下のことが明らかとなった.(1)精神障害者本人の加齢に従い,ケアを担う家族の続柄が「親」から「きょうだい」へと世代交代する.(2)「きょうだい」では他の続柄と比較して障害年金受給者の割合が高い.(3)世帯収入が低いほど,障害年金受給者の割合が高い.(4)続柄と世帯収入の増減は障害年金受給状況に影響を与える.分析対象は障害年金の認知度が比較的高い集団であると推定されるが,続柄やその世帯収入により,障害年金受給状況に差が生じている.家族のもつ固有の背景を考慮し,その状況に合わせた支援施策を整備する必要があろう.

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2002年12月に改定された障害者基本計画によって,「施設等から地域生活への移行の推進」および「施設の在り方の見直し」という脱施設化へ向けた施策の基本的方向性が示された.本研究の目的は,知的障害者施設の施設長におけるこれらの施策に関する意識について明らかにすることである.調査方法は自記式質問紙を用いた横断的調査であり,近畿2府4県に所在する知的障害者施設の施設長126人のデータが分析された.施策に対する評価を従属変数とし,援助領域別の脱施設化志向とその関連要因を独立変数とした仮説モデルを設定し,重回帰分析を行った.その結果,個別性を尊重したより制限の少ない環境への志向が,脱施設化施策の積極的評価に影響を及ぼしている一方で,適切な医療的ケアや社会的介入の確保といった観点から,地域ケアにおけるリスクマネジメントに関する検討の必要性が示唆された.

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This article deals with Yakan-Hoikusho which is one of the countermeasurs for "Baby-hotels". Yakan-Hoikusho is one type of day nurseries and is open from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. in principle. It has been started since Octorber, 1981, under the provisions of the 635th circular On the execution of YakanHoikusho which was announced in July, 1981 by the director of the Childrn and Families Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Firstly, I analyse the series of countermeasures and made clear the issues involved in them. Secondly, I present an outline of Yakan-Hoikusho and detail the general conditions of those facilities on the basis of my field work results. The findings of the research are as follows; (1) The number of Yakan-Hoikusho is 8 and all of them are in Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kurashiki, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, and none in Tokyo and its vicinities. (2) The majority have been run since ,before the announcement of the circular. (3) All of them are invariably attached to the facilities with day nurseries. (4) The children placed are often from one-parent families ; the parents employment is not secure and their income is small. (5) Some children are placed there for many hours,and many of them are placed from the morning. (6) Some childrenare kept after 10 p. m.on in actuality. The above conclusions prove that Yakan-Hoikusho does not answer in full to the tasks which "Baby-hotels" problems presented. The results shows that Yakan-Hoikusho hardly solve the problems arised from "Baby-hotels" and also suggest the necessity of re-examination of the basic ideology of nursery care.

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1 The viewpoint of this study 2 The trend of Japanese welfare fee policy and the situation of expensive fees i Law and administrative guidance on welfare fee policy ii The situation of expensive fees in social welfare 3 Impossible payments for expensive fees 4 Conclusion

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